NHL Rumor Mill – November 3, 2025

NHL Rumor Mill – November 3, 2025

Is Flames center Nazem Kadri not the right fit for the Canadiens? Could the Maple Leafs try to trade David Kampf? Will the Oilers attempt to move Troy Stecher? Find out in today’s NHL Rumor Mill.

MONTREAL GAZETTE: Jack Todd isn’t buying into the recent media speculation linking Nazem Kadri to the Canadiens. While acknowledging that the 35-year-old Calgary Flames center could be on their list of potential trade targets, he doesn’t believe they’ll pursue him.

Calgary Flames center Nazem Kadri (NHL Images).

Todd cited Kadri’s lengthy suspension history for undisciplined play as one reason. He hasn’t been suspended since 2021, but his yearly penalty minutes remain at the same level.

Based on the way the Canadiens operate, Kadri is too old and too expensive to fit their need for a second-line center. Todd also pointed out that rookie Oliver Kapanen is currently filling that position, with promising Michael Hage on the way.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: I agree that Kadri isn’t a fit for the Canadiens. Nearly every move that Canadiens management has made has been aimed at acquiring younger talent that will complement their young roster core.

Kadri is playing well now, but a decline is inevitable at his age. He’ll be poised for retirement by the time his contract expires in 2029.

The Canadiens prefer to add players who will perform well over the long term. If they’re going to part with assets for someone with an expensive contract, they want to ensure they will get their money’s worth.

Kapanen has done well thus far in the second-line center role, sitting fifth among this season’s leading rookie scorers with seven points in 12 games. If he can maintain or improve on that performance, the Canadiens won’t need to go shopping for a center by the March trade deadline.

Hage, meanwhile, sits fourth among NCAA scorers with 14 points in eight games. The 19-year-old center could crack the Canadiens’ lineup within the next two years.

SPORTSNET: On Saturday, Elliotte Friedman said David Kampf is taking a few days to consider his future with the Toronto Maple Leafs’ organization.

The 30-year-old center was sent down to their AHL affiliate before the start of this season because the Maple Leafs had a roster and salary-cap crunch.

Friedman mentioned that some observers brought up the possibility of Kampf seeking a mutual contract termination with the Leafs. That would enable him to sign with another NHL club. However, he’s still owed over $4 million by the Leafs.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: The Maple Leafs could try to trade Kampf. However, there isn’t much of a market for him at the moment.

Friedman also said that the Edmonton Oilers could try to move defenseman Troy Stecher. With sidelined players like Zach Hyman, Mattias Janmark, and Alec Regula returning soon, they must free up some roster and salary-cap room.










NHL Morning Coffee Headlines – November 3, 2025

NHL Morning Coffee Headlines – November 3, 2025

A history-making performance for Islanders rookie Matthew Schaefer, Penguins center Evgeni Malkin faces league discipline, injury updates, and more in today’s NHL Morning Coffee Headlines.

RECAPS OF SUNDAY’S GAMES

NHL.COM: New York Islanders rookie Matthew Schaefer made league history as his club overcame a 2-1 deficit to nip the Columbus Blue Jackets 3-2. Schaefer scored twice (including the tying goal) to become the youngest defenseman to have a multipoint game. Simon Holmstrom scored the winning goal at 19:22 of the third period for the 6-5-1 Islanders. Miles Wood and Denton Mateychuk scored for the Blue Jackets (7-5-0) as their three-game win streak ended.

New York Islanders defenseman Matthew Schaefer (NHL Images).

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Schaefer has had an impressive opening month. He was named the NHL’s Rookie of the Month for October.

The Tampa Bay Lightning collected their fifth straight win with a 4-2 victory over the Utah Mammoth. Jake Guentzel scored the winning goal and collected an assist for the Lightning as they improved their record to 6-4-2. Lawson Crouse and Kailor Yamamoto replied for the 8-4-0 Mammoth.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Reports of the Lightning’s demise as a playoff contender after their franchise-worst 1-4-2 start to this season were greatly exaggerated.

Anaheim Ducks forwards Beckett Sennecke and Cutter Gauthier each had a goal and an assist to lead their club over the New Jersey Devils 4-1. Lukas Dostal made 32 saves as the Ducks improved to 7-3-1, moving into first place in the Pacific Division. Jack Hughes scored for the Devils (9-4-0), who remain in first place in the Metropolitan Division.

A shootout goal by James van Riemsdyk lifted the Detroit Red Wings to a 3-2 win over the San Jose Sharks. Lucas Raymond and Moritz Seider also scored for the Red Wings (9-4-0) as they’ve won three of their last four games. Rookie defenseman Sam Dickinson scored his first NHL goal for the 4-6-3 Sharks.

Calgary Flames winger Jonathan Huberdeau scored two goals as his club held off the Philadelphia Flyers 2-1. Dustin Wolf stopped 17 shots for the 3-9-2 Flames, who remain last in the overall standings with eight points. Travis Konecny scored for the Flyers, who dropped to 6-5-1.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Flames rookie defenseman Zayne Parekh was in the lineup for his 10th NHL game, which means this season counts as the first year of his three-year entry-level contract. There was speculation they would return Parekh to his OHL club before that game.

Flyers forward Tyson Foerster missed this contest after suffering a lower-body injury while blocking a shot during Saturday’s loss to the Toronto Maple Leafs. He’s expected to miss the next several games.

HEADLINES

NHL.COM: Pittsburgh Penguins center Evgeni Malkin was fined $5,000.00 by the league’s department of player safety for slashing Winnipeg Jets defenseman Logan Stanley on Saturday.

THE TENNESSEAN: Nashville Predators placed team captain Roman Josi (upper body) on injured reserve. He has not played since Oct. 23. His injury is not related to his POTS diagnosis. They also announced that forward Cole Smith will be out three to six weeks with an upper-body injury.

TORONTO SUN: Maple Leafs defenseman Chris Tanev returned to Toronto on Sunday after spending Saturday night under observation in a Philadelphia hospital. He was stretchered off the ice during Saturday’s game against the Flyers with a suspected second head injury in less than two weeks.

RG ORG: Former NHL goaltender Ilya Samsonov recently signed a two-year contract with KHL club HC Sochi. The deal enables him to return to the NHL in 2026.










Sunday NHL Rumor Roundup – November 2, 2025

Sunday NHL Rumor Roundup – November 2, 2025

Check out the latest on Penguins center Evgeni Malkin, Senators center Shane Pinto, and Canucks winger Kiefer Sherwood in the Sunday NHL Rumor Roundup.

COULD THE PENGUINS MOVE MALKIN AT THE TRADE DEADLINE?

SPORTSNET: Luke Fox believes Evgeni Malkin could be a hot commodity by the March 6 trade deadline. The 39-year-old Pittsburgh Penguins center is among the league’s leading scorers with 18 points, and is among the biggest reasons why his club is off to a surprisingly strong start.

Pittsburgh Penguins center Evgeni Malkin (NHL Images).

Fox observed that there were rumblings that this season could be Malkin’s last. He also had a good start to last season before his production declined.

Despite the Penguins’ early-season performance, it’s unlikely they can maintain their current pace. Even Malkin could regress again. Nevertheless, he could remain in high demand at the trade deadline if he’s willing to accept a move to a contender.

Fox suggested the Florida Panthers could be a suitor for Malkin. They could be in the market by the deadline for a replacement for Aleksander Barkov, who is out for the season recovering from knee surgery.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Malkin was the subject of similar trade speculation during training camp and preseason. When asked about it, he said he wanted to stay in Pittsburgh, but wasn’t sure how he’d react if management asked him to waive his no-movement clause.

Penguins general manager Kyle Dubas said he would meet with Malkin during the Olympic break in February to discuss his future. He won’t be going anywhere if his club remains in playoff contention, but it’ll be interesting to see how many suitors he attracts if the Penguins are out of the playoff race by the deadline.

AN UPDATE ON PINTO’S CONTRACT TALKS WITH THE SENATORS

OTTAWA SUN: Bruce Garrioch wondered if Shane Pinto and the Senators are at a crossroads in their contract extension talks. The 24-year-old center’s hot start to this season has raised speculation about how much he might get on his next contract.

Pinto is in the final season of a two-year deal with a cap hit of $3.75 million. He will be eligible to become a restricted free agent with arbitration rights on July 1.

Senators GM Steve Staios hopes to sign Pinto to a long-term extension. Sources told Garrioch that the club offered the young forward an eight-year contract worth $52 million back in September.

That offer has an AAV of $6.5 million. However, the Pinto camp could be holding out for something between teammate Dylan Cozen’s $7.1 million AAV and Tim Stutzle’s $8.35 million. The center also has to decide if he wants to stay in Ottawa for eight years or on a shorter deal between three-to-six years.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: These negotiations could drag on throughout the season. Staios could be waiting to see if Pinto can maintain his current rate of production before deciding on his next step.

COULD SHERWOOD INTEREST THE OILERS?

EDMONTON JOURNAL: David Staples recently cited Oilers Now host Bob Stauffer suggesting that power forward Kiefer Sherwood of the Vancouver Canucks would be a good fit with the Oilers.

Sherwood, 30, is in the second season of a two-year contract with an annual cap hit of $1.5 million. He had a career-best 19 goals and 40 points in 2024-25 and has nine goals in his first 12 games of this season.

Stauffer suggested the Oilers target Sherwood as a middle-six forward if the Canucks are unable to sign him to an extension. He believes the gritty winger will attract plenty of interest if he becomes available.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Staples pointed out that this was speculation by Stauffer as the Oilers could have different ideas on which possible trade targets would fit well within their roster.

It’s too early to determine what the Canucks’ intentions are for Sherwood or other pending UFAs on their roster. Nevertheless, he could be a player worth watching once the calendar flips to 2026, especially if the Canucks are outside the playoff picture as the trade deadline approaches.










NHL Morning Coffee Headlines – November 2, 2025

NHL Morning Coffee Headlines – November 2, 2025

In today’s NHL Morning Coffee, we recap a busy Saturday schedule, plus the three stars and the Rookie of the Month for October are revealed.

RECAPPING SATURDAY’S ACTION

NHL.COM: The Winnipeg Jets got two goals from Kyle Connor to down the Pittsburgh Penguins 5-2. Mark Scheifele and Gabriel Vilardi each had two points for the 9-3-0 Jets as they picked up their third straight win. Sidney Crosby and Blake Lizotte replied for the 8-3-2 Penguins as their points streak ended at eight games (6-0-2).

Winnipeg Jets center Mark Scheifele (NHL Images).

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Scheifele took over the scoring lead, becoming the first player to reach 20 points this season. Penguins winger Justin Brazeau missed this contest with an upper-body injury.

A shootout goal by Brad Marchand lifted the Florida Panthers to a 4-3 victory over the Dallas Stars. Marchand also scored in regulation, as did teammates Sam Reinhart and Sam Bennett for the Panthers, who improved to 6-5-1. Mikko Rantanen had a goal and an assist, and Sam Steel had three assists for the 6-3-3 Stars.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Marchand returned to the Panthers’ lineup after taking a leave of absence to be with his friend and trainer, J.P. MacCallum, following the death of his daughter. Marchand immediately pointed skyward after he opened the scoring. Reinhart’s goal was the 300th regular-season goal of his NHL career.

San Jose Sharks forward Philipp Kurashev tallied twice, including the winner in overtime, in a 3-2 upset of the Colorado Avalanche. Macklin Celebrini scored to extend his points streak to seven games while Yaroslav Askarov kicked out 37 shots for the 4-6-2 Sharks, who’ve won three of their last four contests. Nathan MacKinnon netted his 10th goal of the season for the 7-1-5 Avalanche, who picked up a point to sit atop the overall standings with 19 points.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Sharks defenseman Timothy Liljegren left this game with an upper-body injury after being struck by a puck while sitting on the bench. Avalanche call-up Taylor Makar made his debut, marking the first time he and older brother Cale Makar played together in the NHL. Taylor was returned to Colorado’s AHL affiliate after this game.

The Montreal Canadiens got an overtime goal from Alex Newhook for a 4-3 victory over the Ottawa Senators. Canadiens captain Nick Suzuki extended his points streak to 11 games with two assists, and Cole Caufield scored his 10th goal of the season for the Canadiens (9-3-0), who sit first in the Atlantic Division with 18 points. Drake Batherson had a goal and an assist for the Senators, who dropped to 6-5-2.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Batherson ended up being the goat in this game, as his errant pass in overtime was picked off by Newhook, who made no mistake on the breakaway.

New Jersey Devils goaltender Jacob Markstrom turned in a 43-save performance to defeat the Los Angeles Kings 4-1. Dawson Mercer has two goals for the 9-3-0 Devils as they move into first place in the Metropolitan Division with 18 points. Andrei Kuzmenko had the only goal for the Kings as they dropped to 5-4-4 on the season.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Devils winger Connor Brown was ruled out for this game with an undisclosed injury. Meanwhile, the Kings placed winger Warren Foegele (upper body) on injured reserve.

Toronto Maple Leafs winger Nick Robertson had a goal and an assist as the Toronto Maple Leafs got their first road victory of the season with a 5-2 win over the Philadelphia Flyers. Rookie Easton Cowan tallied his first career NHL goal, and John Tavares had two assists as the Maple Leafs improved to 6-5-1. Christian Dvorak and Tyson Foerster replied for the 6-4-1 Flyers.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Leafs defenseman Chris Tanev was stretchered off the ice with a suspected head injury in the third period after being inadvertently hit from behind by Flyers winger Matvei Michkov. After the game, Leafs coach Craig Berube said they will know more about Tanev’s condition after he undergoes more tests, but added that the defenseman was moving. Berube thinks Tanev will be okay.

An overtime goal by Evan Bouchard lifted the Edmonton Oilers (6-4-3) over the Chicago Blackhawks by a score of 3-2. Leon Draisaitl extended his points streak to eight games with a goal and an assist, and Connor McDavid assisted on all three Oilers goals. Andre Burakovsky had a goal and an assist for the 5-4-3 Blackhawks.

Boston Bruins goaltender Jeremy Swayman stopped 27 shots to backstop his club over the Carolina Hurricanes 2-1. Casey Mittelstadt had a goal and an assist as the Bruins improved to 7-7-0. Alexander Nikishin scored for the Hurricanes, who have lost three of their last four games and dropped to 7-4-0.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Hurricanes forward Seth Jarvis returned to action in this game after leaving Thursday’s 6-2 win over the New York Islanders with a lower-body injury.

Columbus Blue Jackets defenseman Zach Werenski had a goal and an assist as his club nipped the St. Louis Blues 3-2. Jet Greaves made 37 saves for the Blue Jackets as they improved to 7-4-0. Justin Faulk and Nick Bjugstad scored for the Blues, who dropped to 3-7-2.

A shootout goal by Bowen Byram gave the Buffalo Sabres a 4-3 win over the Washington Capitals. Tage Thompson and Alex Tuch each netted their fifth goals of the season, and rookie Isak Rosen scored his first NHL goal for the 5-4-3 Sabres. Aliaksei Protas potted his fifth of the season for the Capitals (6-5-1), who are winless in their last four (0-3-1).

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Capitals center Pierre-Luc Dubois missed this game as he’s day-to-day with a lower-body injury.

New York Rangers winger Will Cuylle scored in overtime to give his team a 3-2 win over the Seattle Kraken. Cuylle finished with two points, and teammate Adam Fox collected two assists for the 6-5-2 Rangers as they picked up their third straight win. Chandler Stephenson had a goal and an assist as the 5-2-4 Kraken extended their points streak to four games (2-0-2).

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Kraken winger Kaapo Kakko was held scoreless against his former team in his season debut after suffering a broken hand in a preseason game.

Minnesota Wild winger Vladimir Tarasenko had a goal and two assists as his club snapped a five-game winless skid to beat the Vancouver Canucks 5-2. Filip Gustavsson stopped 26 shots for the 4-6-3 Wild. Drew O’Connor tallied twice as the Canucks slipped to 6-7-0.

The Nashville Predators ended a three-game losing skid by doubling up the Calgary Flames 4-2. Michael Bunting had a goal and two assists in the first period for the 5-6-2 Predators. Jonathan Huberdeau and Joel Farabee scored for the Flames, who sit last in the overall standings with a record of 2-9-2.

IN OTHER NEWS…

NHL.COM: Vegas Golden Knights center Jack Eichel, Winnipeg Jets center Mark Scheifele, and Montreal Canadiens goaltender Jakub Dobes are the three stars for October 2025. New York Islanders defenseman Matthew Schaefer was named Rookie of the Month.










NHL Rumor Mill – November 1, 2025

NHL Rumor Mill – November 1, 2025

In today’s NHL Rumor Mill, we have the latest on Predators forward Steven Stamkos and Sabres goaltender Devon Levi, and updates on the Wild and Blues.

COULD THE PREDATORS TRADE STEVEN STAMKOS?

THE HOCKEY NEWS: Adam Proteau suggested trade speculation could arise about Steven Stamkos if the Nashville Predators don’t improve. They’ve started the season 4-6-2, and the 35-year-old forward has just two points in those 12 games.

Nashville Predators forward Steven Stamkos (NHL Images)

Proteau noted that Sportsnet’s Elliotte Friedman recently said he could see a scenario where both sides meet to consider their options. Stamkos is in the second season of a four-year contract with an average annual value of $8 million. He also has a full no-movement clause.

If Stamkos is willing to accept a trade, Proteau believes it’ll be to a veteran-laden Stanley Cup contender. He suggested the Carolina Hurricanes, Los Angeles Kings, and Toronto Maple Leafs as possible trade destinations.

THE PROVINCE: Paul Chapman referenced a report by CHEK-TV’s Rick Dhaliwal, where the latter claimed the Canucks had poked around on Stamkos.

Chapman observed that Stamkos is a shell of his former self. Given the Canucks injury status, however, it makes sense to kick tires on everyone.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Stamkos’ production has declined noticeably since his final season with the Tampa Bay Lightning two years ago. He’s getting plenty of playing time among the Predators’ top lines, but his scoring touch is no longer there.

A move to a better club might help Stamkos regain his form, but his contract makes him an expensive gamble. Interested teams could insist that the Predators retain up to half of his cap hit to facilitate a trade.

As for the proposed destinations, Hurricanes general manager Eric Tulsky is expected to make a big swing for a superstar this season. However, he has pursued superstars in their late-20s who are in the prime of their careers, such as Mikko Rantanen and Mitch Marner. Tulsky is unlikely to go after a declining star in his mid-thirties with an expensive contract.

Stamkos might welcome a trade to the Kings or the Maple Leafs, but they don’t look like Stanley Cup contenders. They lack salary-cap space, which is also an issue for the Canucks.

THE WILD ARE SHOPPING FOR HELP

DAILY FACEOFF: Anthony Di Marco reports a team source claiming that Minnesota Wild general manager Bill Guerin is in the market to bolster his club’s middle-six forward group.

Injuries to Mats Zuccarello and Nico Sturm have hurt the Wild’s depth among those forwards. Guerin’s priority is to add offensive depth to their middle six regardless of the position.

Di Marco suggested Calgary Flames center Nazem Kadri and Boston Bruins centers Pavel Zacha and Casey Mittelstadt as possible trade targets.

THE ATHLETIC: Joe Smith and Michael Russo also weighed in on the Wild’s early-season struggles. They don’t see an impact trade available that could provide immediate help.

Smith and Russo pointed out that it’s difficult to make in-season trades, especially with the salary cap rising and most teams wanting to improve, not sell. They also don’t see acquiring fourth-line players, such as Toronto’s Nick Robertson, as providing a jolt to their lineup.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: The problem is that the few players mentioned as trade candidates aren’t being moved yet, if at all. The Flames and Bruins haven’t given up yet on their seasons.

By the time the trade market improves, it could be too late to help the Wild. Smith and Russo believe it’s up to the current Wild players to get themselves out of the hole they’ve dug.

IS SABRES GOALIE DEVON LEVI AVAILABLE?

SABRES NOISE: Tim Daniels linked to a report from the Sabres podcast “After The Whistle” (hosted by former Sabres Craig Rivet and Andrew Peters) claiming that goaltender Devon Levi requested a trade.

Rumor has it that Devon Levi asked to be moved prior to returning to Rochester,” Rivet and Peters reported.

RATINGS: James Murphy reported that requests from the Sabres and Levi’s agent to confirm the report were not returned. Nevertheless, he cited a source claiming the 23-year-old goalie’s name was out there in the trade market after he failed to crack the Sabres lineup following training camp.

Murphy’s source mentioned the Utah Mammoth, Philadelphia Flyers, Edmonton Oilers, and Carolina Hurricanes as clubs seeking goalie depth.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: The Sabres are overloaded at the goalie position right now. Levi was once seen as their future starter, but his inability to secure a place among their goalie tandem is one reason why they loaded up with more experienced options.

Levi won’t fetch much of a return if the Sabres peddle him. He could bring in at most a third-round pick.

LATEST ON THE BLUES

THE ATHLETIC: Jeremy Rutherford recently pondered what St. Louis Blues general manager Doug Armstrong would do to help his struggling team. They have a 3-6-2 record after 11 games, and as of Oct. 31, they were winless in their last six contests (0-4-2).

Whatever Armstrong has in mind, it’s unlikely to involve the roster core. That includes Jordan Kyrou, Richard Thomas, Brayden Schenn, Pavel Buchnevich, and Colton Parayko. He observed they’re all under long-term contracts.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: That would mean peddling depth players on short-term deals, but such moves likely won’t do much to change their fortunes.










NHL Morning Coffee Headlines – November 1, 2025

NHL Morning Coffee Headlines – November 1, 2025

Recaps of Friday’s action, the Devils re-sign Jacob Markstrom, and the latest notable injury updates in today’s NHL Morning Coffee Headlines

RECAPS OF FRIDAY’S GAMES

NHL.COM: The Anaheim Ducks got a four-point performance from Leo Carlsson (one goal, three assists) in a 5-2 win over the Detroit Red Wings. Troy Terry tallied twice and picked up an assist for the Ducks (6-3-1), who’ve won four of their last five games. Lucas Raymond and Alex DeBrincat had a goal and an assist each for the 8-4-0 Red Wings as their three-game win streak ended.

Anaheim Ducks center Leo Carlsson (NHL Images)

SPECTOR’S NOTE: This was John Gibson’s first game in Anaheim since being traded by the Ducks to the Red Wings this summer. He gave up four goals on 31 shots.

Colorado Avalanche winger Martin Necas had a goal and two assists as his club doubled up the Vegas Golden Knights 4-2. Cale Makar had a goal and an assist for the Avalanche, who improved to 7-1-4 and moved into first place in the Western Conference with 18 points. Golden Knights forwards Tomas Hertl and Mitch Marner each had a goal and an assist as their club dropped to 6-2-3, but remain atop the Pacific Division with 15 points.

The New York Islanders got a 22-save performance from Ilya Sorokin in a 3-1 victory over the Washington Capitals. Jean-Gabriel Pageau, Bo Horvat, and Mathew Barzal were the goal scorers as the Islanders improved to 5-5-1. Tom Wilson replied for the 6-5-0 Capitals, who have lost three straight games.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: Capitals center Pierre-Luc Dubois left this game in the first period with a lower-body injury.

HEADLINES

NEW JERSEY HOCKEY NOW: Jacob Markstrom agreed to a two-year contract extension with the New Jersey Devils on Friday. The 35-year-old goaltender was slated to become an unrestricted free agent next July. Markstrom will earn the same average annual value ($6 million) as his current contract.

SPECTOR’S NOTE: It’s not a surprise that the Devils got their starting goalie under contract. What is surprising is that Markstrom settled for a short-term deal. Reports were claiming he sought a long-term contract, but the Devils preferred the shorter option given his age.

The deal ensures the Devils’ current goalie tandem of Markstrom and Jake Allen remains intact. Allen was signed to a five-year deal this summer.

BOSTON HOCKEY NOW: Bruins center Elias Lindholm will be out of the lineup for “a few weeks” after suffering a lower-body injury during Thursday’s game against the Buffalo Sabres.

DAILY FACEOFF: The Carolina Hurricanes placed defenseman K’Andre Miller (lower body) on injured reserve, and activated goaltender Pyotr Kochetkov off IR.

THE BUFFALO NEWS: The Sabres placed forward Zach Benson (undisclosed) on IR and recalled forward Isak Rosen.